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Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. maritime shipping: Potential benefits of a monitoring, reporting, and verification system

The maritime shipping sector plays a critical role in the U.S. economy, with maritime shipping activities estimated to generate more than $40 billion in added value in 2022.1 However, the reliance on fossil fuels for maritime transport presents environmental challenges. Ships burn fossil fuels such as heavy fuel oil, very-low sulfur fuel oil, marine gas …